Blaise Pascal Essays (1547 words) - Blaise Pascal, Christian Mystics

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont France on June 19, 1623 to Etienne Pascal. His mother died when he was only 3. He was the third of four children and the only boy. He was described as a man of: small stature, poor health, loud spoken, somewhat overbearing, precious, stubbornly persevering, a perfectionist, highly pugnacious yet seeking to be humble and meek. Pascal's father had somewhat unorthodox views on education, so he decided to teach his son himself. He forbade any mathematic teachings or material to be given to him and had any such texts removed from their house. Blaise became engulfed with curiosity due to this rule. He started to work with geometry on his own at the age of 12. He discovered that the sum of the three angles of a triangle is equivalent to two right angles. When his father discovered this he then allowed Blaise a copy of Euclid. At the age of 14 Blaise began accompanying his father to Mersenne's meetings. Mersenne was a member of a religious order of Minims. His cell held many meetings for the likes of Gassendi, Roberval, Carcavi, Auzout, Mydorge, Mylon, Desargues and others. By the time he was 15 Blaise admired the work of Desargues greatly. At 16 Pascal presented a single piece of paper at a Mersenne's meeting in June 1639. It held many of his geometry theorems, including his mystic hexagon. In December 1639 he and his family left Paris and moved to Rouen where his father Etienne was appointed tax collector for Upper Normandy. Soon after settling down in Rouen his Essay on Conic Sections was published in February of 1640. It was his first great work. Pascal also invented the first digital calculator to aid his father in his tax collecting duties. For three years he worked 1642 - 1545. Dubbed the Pascaline, it resembled a mechanical calculator of the 1940's. This almost assuredly makes Pascal second only to Shickard who manufactured the first in 1624. Pascal faced problems with the design of the calculator due to the design of French currency at the time. There were 12 deniers in a sol, and 20 sols in a livre. Therefore there were 240 deniers in a livre. Hence Pascal had to deal with more technical problems to work with this odd way of dividing by 240. Yet the currency system remained the same in France until 1799, but Britain's similar system lasted until 1971. Production of the Pascaline began in 1642. It was recorded by Adamson that: By 1652 fifty prototypes had been produced, but few machines were sold, and manufacturing of Pascal's arithmetical calculator ceased in that year. In 1646 Etienne Pascal injured his leg and had to recuperate in his house. Two young brothers from a religious movement outside of Rouen came to help take care of him. Pascal was affected deeply and became very religious. It was at this time that Pascal began many experiments on atmospheric pressure. By 1647 he proved to himself that a vacuum existed. Descartes visited Pascal September the 23rd for 2 days in which they argued about the vacuum which Descartes did not believe existed. Descartes wrote a rather cruel letter to Huygens after visiting the young Pascal. he believed ?has too much vacuum in his head. In August of 1648 Pascal deduced that, because the atmospheric pressure decreases with height, there must be a vacuum that exists above the atmosphere. Descartes wrote to Carcavi in June 1647 about Pascal's experiment stating: It was I who two years ago advised him to do it, for although I have not performed it myself, I did not doubt of its success. In October of 1647 Pascal wrote New Experiments Concerning Vacuums which would lead to disputes with various scientists who didn't believe in vacuums. Etienne Pascal died in September of 1651, which hurt Blaise badly. He wrote to one his sisters giving a deep Christian meaning to death in general and also to his father's death particularly. These ideas were to later form the basis of his philosophical work called Pensees. Then in May 1653 Pascal worked with mathematics and physics writing Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids which he explains his law of pressure

The Effects of Drugs essays

The Effects of Drugs essays Drugs are everywhere. Nearly everybody knows somebody who has used or uses drugs, whether the user is a friend or a celebrity. Since drugs are everywhere, so are the effects of drugs. While drugs affect everyone around them, some of the effects that drugs have on a user include becoming antisocial, losing sight of goals, being content with less, transforming into a different person, and gambling with health. Withdrawing from loved ones, such as friends and family, a drug user usually becomes antisocial. After using drugs over time, they tend to avoid most or all public situations. If a teen is experimenting or using drugs while in school, he or she may never begin and sometimes quit extracurricular activities such as clubs and sports. This type of person becomes so involved in their drugs that they eventually just stay to their self. A users withdrawal from normal social functions may also cause problems within various relationships. While an addict may not mind the distance widening between them and their boyfriend, their mom, or their best friend, their loved ones do care and sometimes feel hurt. Drugs simply steal and imprison the people who use them. Not only do drugs cause a person to draw away from their friends and family and social activities, but they also cause a person to withdraw from their goals. Developing a general lack of interest, a drug user may lose sight of their future. They may stop attending school or work and not complete homework or simple, necessary tasks. For a student using drugs, college suddenly may not appear important anymore. They may settle for a career at Mc Donalds or Burger King. Workers or parents may not seem concerned with earning their next raise or even taking care of their children. Areas in life that once held importance begin not to matter. If a person begins using and abusing drugs, they will never know their full potential as their f...

Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Smoking - Essay Example Smoking is badly affecting the society and steps need to be taken to solve this problem. Smoking is a global issue that needs to be dealt with. Increasing the number of taxes on cigarettes as well as the implementation of bans can prove to be useful for the purpose of discouraging the smokers from smoking and this fact has been proven as many smokers have quit smoking following these regulations. On the other hand proper education regarding the harmful effects of smoking among certain age groups can also prove to reduce the number of non smokers from smoking. The daily news reporter quoted in the year 2008 that the ban on smoking had led to 400000 people quitting smoking in England. A survey in Sweden also indicated the fact that the easy availability of cigarette should be restricted as this might also prove to be helpful for the reduction in the number of smokers as well as subsequent reduction in the passive smokers (Landes

SARS Treatment Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

SARS Treatment Methods - Research Paper Example Since SARS is almost impossible to extinguish from the face of the planet Earth, the fear of this disease has existed since it first appeared among the populations in 2003, making it a powerful weapon against the fearful populations that never truly goes away. The primary source comes from the American Medical Association (AMA). AMA collects data on disease outbreaks, as well as research and activism related to health (AMAa). Its mission and guiding principles focus on the belief that a corporate association can promote ethical approaches to patients, further innovations in the field, and set standards for other physicians and medical students, among other things (AMAb). It also acts as support to physicians on legal issues by providing information on antitrust laws and physician payment filing (AMAc). The AMA website contains 64 different sources on the word â€Å"SARS† (AMAd). Resources range from definitions of the disease, to clinician infections and health system preparedness (AMAd). Information through articles is provided on international SARS outbreaks as well (AMAd). AMA provides links to other organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). AMA also focuses on other infectious diseases. Besides SARS, AMA also provides information on â€Å"tuberculosis, influenza, viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, bloodborne and foodborne pathogens †¦ allergies, meningitis and many others† (AMAe). Information provided comes in form of â€Å"extensive reports, fact sheets, toolkits and links to then latest research† (AMAe). ... 2003 Detection and Responses to SARS In November 2002, SARS contagions began in Foshan City (Kaufman 53 - 54). This city is located in the South of China, where large numbers of pigs and chickens live in close proximity to humans (Kaufman 54). Thus, this area is known for virus mutations and disease outbreaks among humans (Kaufman 54). Symptoms of SARS are similar to flu. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), symptoms start with an increased bodily temperature above 38 Celsius degrees (1). Other symptoms might follow: bone ache, headache, and feeling of discomfort, diarrhea, dry cough and finally, pneumonia (CDC 1). However, China, unlike other countries, attempted to hide SARS outbreaks. As the outbreaks set in, the Chinese government covered them up, thus allowing the infected to travel abroad and infect more persons (Kaufman 54). As a result, the contagion became global, instead of being only isolated to a few areas in China. By January 2003, when autho rities were secretly notified, disease had spread across the entire region. However, the public was still kept unaware (Kaufman 54). According to Kaufman, the justification for secrecy lies in the fact that pneumonia was not required to be reported to the public (54). WHO acted a few months later. According to Bloom, one of the top WHO infectious disease specialists was infected by SARS in March of 2003 in Hanoi (701). The specialist died. Rumors spread about additional contagions in China (Bloom 701). Once WHO was alerted by a health computer logarithm, on February 11 the Chinese authorities reported the epidemic (Kaufman 55). It was in April that WHO was allowed to access the area (Kaufman

Human Resource Management, Employers and the Management of Labour Essay

Human Resource Management, Employers and the Management of Labour - Essay Example The business environment and the way of working of the industry have been undergoing many alterations since the past few decades. Previously managers were only liable for keeping discipline in an organisation. They even did not have a noteworthy role to play in the process of selection and recruiting. But the scenario has been altering and the role of managers has been observed to totally metamorphose. The fundamental reasons behind this metamorphosis were the increasing consciousness between the workers and the abolition of trade unions to a large extent. The other reason was that the managements were no more inflexible and became increasingly agreeable to causes and also adjustable to the progresses in the technological sector (Dalton, 1950). But in the current era, the organisations have realised the magnitude of their human resources as it is with the help of these resources that increased productivity is attained by an organisation. An important feature which needs to be mentioned is that the supervisors in an organisation are referred to as the management and the employees coming in the category of nonsupervisory level are referred to as the labourers in this paper. Labours require working in teams in organisations and thus it is an obvious fact that there would cause differences between themselves. In such circumstances the interference of management is considered quite necessary so as to resolve the issues and maintaining a good working environment (Dalton, 1950). The purpose of this paper would be to assess the labour problems and the rights of the managers along with the differences in the traditional and contemporary practices. Labour Problem and the Need to Resolve It Disputes among the human resources and the m anagement are a known phenomenon. Disputes among the employees could take place due to various reasons and it is in this context that the managers need to take control of the situation. The managers are the one who are being entrusted with the responsibility of solving the disputes. In this context it is important to understand the reasons of dispute among the employees or the human resources first and then the role and need of the managers. The reason for disputes among the labourers and the management in the industries has been categorised into four key divisions which relates to the economic, managerial, political and other causes (Dalton, 1950). It has been learnt that majority of the industrial differences among the labourers and the management has been owing to economic reasons. The prime economic reason has been the problem of low wage. The wage structure in the industries is generally low and so, it gives rise to some grave complexities for the human resources in terms of me eting up to their basic requirements. The human resources want the pay or the wages to be proportionate to the quantity of work done by them. Such wants takes the form of industrial differences and problems. The want for higher pays has been observed to be the most central reason for problems between the labourers and the management (Michael, 1988). The want for extra pays in the form of bonus has been credited to be the other reason for differences arising out of want for pays. The augmenting cost of survival has been the reason for the labourers to claim and put forward their want for extra remuneration as dearness allowances. The increasing prices has been turning out to be triggering the want for dearness allowances and the un-acceptance of such wants by the labourers give rise to these industrial differences. The workforce of an organisation is considered to be an integral division of the production. The

Attachment, Cognitive and Language Development Influences

Attachment, Cognitive and Language Development Influences Introduction In this paper we will discuss the Case Study of Hannah G. We will look at different theories to Attachment, Cognitive and Language development. We will look at how parenting styles and influence in the marital system can influence a child. We will look at how genetics and environmental factors influence development, as well as a child temperament. Attachment theory Bowlby believes that attachment isn’t present at birth, it develops after the first nurture, comfort and protection the mother or the primary caregiver provides (Louw,Louw, Van Ede, 2012). Relationships with primary caregivers that involve emotional and affective engagement, has an impact on how a person perceive themselves, others, and the world (Reuther, 2013). Psychologist Harry Harlow also concluded through an experiment with mokeys and surrogate mothers that comfort and security plays an important role in the development of attachment. In the experiment, Harlow uses two surrogate mothers. Both mothers were made out of wire. Both mothers were equipped with feeding equipment. Only one of the mothers was covered in a soft cloth. The monkeys showed more interest in the clothed mother, they would go to the wire mother to suck on the bottle for food, and return to the clothed mother (Louw et al, 2012). Freud believes that â€Å"early experiences can have a long-term effect on personality development† (Shaffer, 1994,p.43). If we take Freud psychosexual stages we see that the oral stage may have an impact in the attachment between infant and mother or primary caregiver. During the first year the infant are spitting, chewing, sucking, and biting objects. Freud suggested that the sex instinct seek pleasure through the mouth. A baby’s basic pleasures, food, are pleasured through sucking on the mothers’ breast. When a baby is weaned off the mothers’ breast to early the person may later in life be over dependant on others (Shaffer, 1994). Erikson agrees with Freud that the mothers feeding process has an impact on the development of the child’s personality. However, Erikson believes that the mothers’ responsiveness to the infant is just as important as the feeding process. The child learns to trust trough the caregiver or mother who provided food, comfort, affection, and safety. If these needs are not met, the child learns that other people are not to be trusted. This takes place from birth to one year. Erikson calls it the Basic trust versus mistrust stage (Shaffer, 1994). Even though Erikson, Freud, Bowlby and Harlow has different views on the topic on attachment. They all have the same conclusion. For attachment to take place the infant needs has to be met by the mother or the caregiver. If there is an interruption in the attachment process, there may be long-term effects. Cognitive and language development Piaget described cognitive development as â€Å"an individual’s interaction with the environment† (Louw et al, 2012). Piaget argues that development perceives learning how we interpret the world through mental schemas allowing us to make sense of our environment. Learning happens when facing situations that our schema cannot process leading to disequilibrium. To equalise itself the mind simulates new information or adapt to using new skills. Piaget calls this the process of assimilating new information and skills into our pre-developed schema. Piaget believed that thought determines language. He believed that once children were able to think in a certain way they developed the language to the describe their thought (Louw et al, 2012). Vygotsky agrees with Piaget that learning happens by interacting with the environment. Vygotsky argued that learning proceeds development. He holds that our present stage of development is enhanced when confronted with new tasks, just out of reach of our present abilities. Vygotsky believed that language and thoughts are independent but they converge through development. He believed that children developed language through social interaction with adult who already know the language. Through that action they can connect these thoughts and the language they have learned (Louw et al, 2012). Bronfenbrenners Ecological theory suggest that a child’s development is determind by what they experience in their environments they spend time in. (Friedman Wachs, 1999)(Check pligarism). Emotional development Babies are able to â€Å"read† others emotions from a young age. Being able to distinguish others emotions is important for a baby’s social and emotional development, it has an impact on attachment bonds. As babies grow older the constantly seek approval or disapproval from people they trust. If a Mothers or primary caregivers are emotionally unavailable or only irregularly responsive to the infant or childs needs may result in an insecure attachment ( Zilberstein, 2013). Ethologists believe that an infant who were neglected, or parent who are inattentive will not develop a strong emotional attachment with their caregiver. This may lead the child to be shy and emotionally unresponsive to other people (Shaffer, 1994). Parenting Styles Marital system Uninvolved parents is parents who have rejected their children or who has their own personal issues to attend to than to attend to the child every need other that their basic needs, food and cloths (Kip Shaffer, 2009). Children of uninvolved parents may show signs of impulsiveness, antisocial, and have relational problems with others ( Louw et al, 2012). They might also be aggressive and have external behaviours such as temper tantrums (Kip Skaffer, 2009). Children become angrier and distress when parents cannot stop arguing. A child’s distress increases when the arguing between parents increases. â€Å"Children who observe intense and destructive conflicts between their parents suffered from emotional insecurity, depression, anxiety, behavior problems, relationship difficulties, and poor regulations, even years later† (Clarke-Sewart Parke, 2011, p. 190).. Parents who can resolve their problems in a respectful manner can teach the child to how to resolve conflict in a positive and respectful manner. â€Å"Children were most likely to have problems if their parents expressed anger frequently, intensely, physically, and without resolution†(Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011, p. 190). Parents amicable marriages parenting style can be angry and instructive, children will in return act aggressively when interacting with the parent. They might even act aggressively towards other children (Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011). Children’s social interaction develops by observing their parents.(Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011). Bandura believes that observational learning is the most important learning method (Shaffer, 1994). Children simulate what they have observed. In the experiment with the Bobo dolls, children observed and learned the aggressive response adult shown towards the doll and they simulated the same aggression towards the doll. Not only do they learn to simulate this behaviour but children become emotionally aroused when watching people fight (Shaffer, 1994). Bandura suggested that aggressive behaviours that are maintained become habitual (Shaffer, 1994). Urie Bronfenbrenners Bioecological model refers to the effect the child has on the environment and the environment on the child, this includes reciprocal interactions between the developing child and other people, objects, and symbols in their immediate environment (Cockcroft et al, 1999). Being an only child and temperament Only children always wants to be the centre of attention. They tend to be possessive over their belongings and everything must go their way. Because they are the only sibling, they spend more time in adults’ company. Because they spend so many time in adult companies they tend to find it hard to socialise with their peer, they prefer socialising with adults (Rosemond, 2011). Only children have low tolerance for discomfort that caused by frustration, disappointments, boredom, and by being denied what that want. This is may result in tantrums of verbal of physical abuse. They lack empathy towards others; they are unable or are unwillingly to see that their behaviour affects others. They struggle to adapt to demands that are set by situations outside their immediate family. For example a school setting where are establishes social structures and recognised authority figures. They have a poor self-esteem and are chronically miserable, angry, and anxious (Mamen, 2006). A difficult child is a child who does not easily adapt to into daily routines or new environments. They cry a lot and has temper tantrums and is difficult to comfort. Deviant behaviour is a result of children who grows up in a home were marital problems persist. This happens when a child behaviour and environment influences compliments each other (Louw et al, 2012). Role of the media Bandura believies television violence enhances aggressive behaviour in children (Shaffer, 1994). Rowel Huesmann suggested that not only does television violence predict aggressiveness in children and adults but also their involvement in criminal activities (Shaffer, 1994, p. 495). We can see that conflict and aggression is a norm for Hannah. Hannah has learned and observed that the world is a violent place ant that interpersonal problems can be solved aggressively (Shaffer, 1994). Drabman and Thomas suggested that television violence may detach the viewers emotional reactions to aggressive episodes. This may lead to a person to lack strong empathic distress for the victims of aggression (Shaffer, 1994). Case Study Hanna Hannah has difficulty expressing herself and her feelings. This could be an indication that maybe there are an interruption in the development of her schemas of emotions. We learned that Hannah’s mother was unavailable for some time with depression, and this could have had an impact on how she developed socially. This could also imply that Hannah’s Schema of emotions aren’t developed well. The fact that her parents are uninvolved parent could also have an impact, as well as the parents’ marital problems. She was emotionally detached from her mother from birth and she grew up in a home were she was constantly exposed to aggression. This aggression is from the conflict between her parents and the aggression of television violence. The fact that Hannah finds it hard to make friend and bits or hits other children can be explained by many reasons, it can be because she has attachment issues, being away from her mother could have caused her to develop mistrust i n the world and other people. She might be trying to solve a problem in an aggressive as she had learned through her parents conflict and the television violence is that it is the only way to resolve conflict, as she hits and bits them. She might also find it hard to make friends because as we discussed she does not know how to connect with them in a social way because she exposed to adult company most of the time. Her parents marital problems has an impact on her having an antisocial behaviour. Hannah interact aggressively toward her parents, this could be either their uninvolved parenting styles or their marital conflict or it could be both. We see that Hannah has a difficult child temperament that is why they find it difficult to manage her. If we consider the bioecological model of Bronfenbrenner we can conclude that most of Hannah’s deviant behaviour is based on nurture. Nurture refers to the influences the environment has on a person’s characteristics. Conclusion We can conclude that there are many factors that can explain Hannah’s behaviour. The fact that she does not have a bond with her mother. The learned behaviours from her parents, as well as the television. Nurture plays a big role in Hannah’s development. We cannot just rely on one theory to explain a person’s development but rather consider all. Reference List Louw, A.E., Louw, D.A., Ven Ede, D.M (2012) Human Development (2nd ed.) Cape Town, South Africa. Kagiso Tertiary Clarke-Stewart,A., Parke, R,D.(2011) Social Development. Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley Sons Inc. Kip, K. Shaffer, D.R (2009) Developmental Psychology Adolenscence: Uninvolved Parenting (8th ed.) Beltmont USA. Cencage Learning Maman, M (2006) The pampered child syndrome: how to recognize it, how to manage it, and how to avoid it : A guide for parents and professionals. London, England. Maggie Mamen Reuther, B.T (2013) On our everyday being: Heidegger and attachment theory. E-Journal retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=6cc19ba4-d428-43b6-8a4f-f5d613962a5c%40sessionmgr115hid=125bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdhAN=2013-26844-001 Rosemond, J (2001) John Rosemonds: New Parent Power. USA. John Rosemond Shaffer, D.R (1994) Social and personality development (3rd ed.) Belmont Califonrnia. Wadsworth, Inc. Zilberstein, K (2013) The use of limitations of attachment theory in child psychotherapy/ practice view. E-Journal retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=1876914d-d464-4c5e-919d-bbd00f71e893%40sessionmgr198hid=125bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdhAN=2013-03963-001

The Selfish Gene Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Selfish Gene "We are survival machines—robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve selfish molecules known as genes." -- Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (1). Can genes alone determine your DNA's place in the next generation? Are humans simply vessels for these genes? With his provoking work entitled The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins attempts to answer such questions as he proposes a shift in the evolutionary paradigm. Working through the metaphor of a "selfish gene", Dawkins constructs an evolutionary model using a gene as the fundamental unit of selection, opposed to the more commonly accepted belief of the species as the unit of selection. This "selfish gene", possessing a certain selfish emotional nature, acts as an independent entity fighting to ensure its replication in future generations, maximizing its number of descendents (2). Those successful in replicating have made the most of their given environment (1). For the interests of this paper, is it valid to assume that natural selection occurs at the level of DNA? Hence, what can be implied about genetic predispositions? For Dawkins, evolution of a species is dependent upon the transmittance of this information to the next generation; the individual species is irrelevant (2). This theory is a departure from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which concentrates on the species. Species, to Dawkins, are "survival machines" whose purpose is to host these genes, as species are mortals and fleeting, whereas genes are not (2). Is it valid to assume Dawkins position that humans are merely "robot vehicles"? This concept, alienating emotion, physical, and cultural growth from evolution, can be startling. By placing the importance of natural selec... ... , The opening pages of and selections from Dawkins work http://www.world-of-dawkins.com/Dawkins<br>/Work/Books/selfpage.htm 2)The Selfish Gene Theory, Explanatory site providing overview of theory http://bovination.com/cbs/selfishGene%20Theory.jsp 3) The Selfish Gene?" Reason in Revolt , Genetic issues and Dawkins discussed http://www.marxist.com/rircontents.asp Works Consulted 4) In Defense of Selfish Genes , Dawkins refute to claims made about his theory by Mary Midgely http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/dawkins_genes.htm 5) Selfish Genes and Social Darwinism , Counterarguments for Selfish Gene Theory http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/%20midgley_genes.htm 6) The Selfish Gene: The Underpinnings of Narcissism , Further discussion and implications on Selfish Gene Theory http://samvak.tripod.com/journal43.

Employee Satisfaction

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT EMBA, 2ND BATCH, 4TH SEMESTER ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, KUSHTIA BANGLADESH A RESEARCH PROPOSAL BY: |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahangir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:[email  protected] com |email:[email  protected] com |email:[email  protected] com | |Cell No. 1818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 01550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester email:[email  protected] com Cell No. 01550151433 SUPERVISOR: Prof. Dr. Md. Zakaria Rahman Chairman, Department of Management, Islamic University, Kushtia – 7003, Bangladesh. Cell Phone:01711501307 Telephone+88-071-62021-6 Extn. 2278,2296,2481 (Off. ) E-mail: [email  protected] com Web:www. iubd. net :Declaration:: We declare that the proposal we are submitting for assessment contains no section copied in whole or i n part from any other source unless explicitly identified in quotation marks and with detailed, complete and accurate referencing. |(Monirul islam) |(Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) |(Jahangir Alam) | |ID No. 1102050711 |ID No. 1102050713 |ID No. 102050722 | |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch |EMBA, 2nd Batch | |4th Semester |4th Semester |4th Semester | |email:[email  protected] com |email:[email  protected] com |email:[email  protected] com | |Cell No. 01818306151 |Cell No. 01711210710 |Cell No. 1550151433 | (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester email:[email  protected] com Cell No. 01550151433 i ::Contents:: |1 |INRODUCTION |Page 1 | | |1. 1 The Problem Statement |1 | | |1. 2 purpose of the study |1 | | |1. The objectives of the study |1 | | |1. 4 Research questions |2 | | |1. 5 Scope of the Research |2 | |2 |THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY |2 | | |2. Research Design |2 | | |2. 2 Data Source |2 | | |2. 3 Data Collection Techniques |2 | | |2. 4 Sample Tec hniques |3 | | |2. Data Analysis and Interpretation |3 | |3 |WORK PLAN |3 | |4 |REFERENCES |3 | ii TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY AT KUMARKHALI, KUSHTIA iii 1.INTRODUCTION: The Handloom industry is the ancient and the most important cottage industry of Bangladesh. This industry has lots of glorious past. Once upon a time, The Handloom industries were the only source of human clothing. Still now, this sector meets a portion of the total clothes production of Bangladesh. This sector provides employment many people still now. But this industry now faces threat of extinction because of various barriers which made us to develop this study over the handloom industry of Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh. 1. The Problem Statement: What are the problems of Handloom Industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia and what could be the possible solution of the problems of such industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 2The purpose of the Research: The main purpose of this research is to meet the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration Degree on Management, Islamic University Kushtia, Bangladesh and investigate the real problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia in order to find out the possible solution of the problem depending on the factors that would be investigated.This study may be an important tool for further study on the problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 3The objectives of the study: ( To identify the problems lie in the production process. ( To identify the problems in distribution of handloom products. ( To identify the problems associated with level skill. ( To identify the problems associated with government support. ( To identify the problems associated with the organizing Capability ( To identify the level of demand of these products in market. To identify the immediate competitors of this sector. ( To identify the potential market. Page:1 1. 4The research questions: ( What are the problems lie in the production process? ( What are the problems in distribution of handloom products? ( What are the problems associated with level skill? ( What are the problems associated with government support? ( What are the problems associated with the organizing Capability? ( How much demand of these products in market? ( Who are the immediate competitors of this sector? ( Where the potential market of handloom products? 1. Scope of the Research: This research will try to answer the problem statement as stated. This research location will be Tebaria, Sherkandi Alongipara Gopalpur under Kumarkhali Upazilla, Kushtia, Bangladesh. We will try to nail down the topic as much as possible. The ability of physical presence in the stated locations will provide the in-depth scope of the research. 2. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY: 2. 1Research design: Quantitative research method will be basic research design. For this, on spot survey will be carried out. The handloom weavers will be the main responde nt of the research. 2. Data sources: Both of the Primary data and secondary data will be the data source of the research. The people of the selected locations who are directly involved in handloom weaving will be the source of primary data. Opinion of the local government representatives will be taken into account as secondary data source. 2. 3Data collection techniques: Various techniques will be used to collect the data. For this oral interview of the respondent will be taken. A prescribed questionnaire (having structured and open questions) will be supplied to the each respondent to answer the specific questions. 2. Sampling techniques: All the families involved in handloom weaving in the selected locations will be population of the research. Each will be treated as a sample. Maximum possible families will be taken as sample on random basis. Each elements of each sample will be interviewed and prescribed questionnaire will be supplied to them in order to answer the questions. 2. 5Data analysis and interpretation: The gathered data through interview and questionnaire will be analyzed and interpreted using suitable statistical tools such as tables, chart, percentage, probability, correlation etc. 3. WORK PLAN | | |STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PLAN |DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION | | | | |Submission of the proposal |By 31 August 2012 | | | | |Design of a research plan |By 10 September 2012 | | | | |Design of questionnaire |By 15 September 2012 | | | | |Interviews/posting of questionnaires, etc. By 16 – 30 September 2012 | | | | |Raw tabulations/draft analysis of data |By 01-07 October 2012 | | | | |Final Analysis of data |By 08-15 October 2012 | | | | |Report up of findings By 16-20 October 2012 | | | | |Final Report |By 21-31 October 2012 | | | | |Presentation |As per Schedule date of University | ** Work plan may be changed depending on situation or as per requirements of Supervisor. References: 1. Business Research Methods, 8th edition, Zikmund Babin Carr Griffin 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social-research 3. http://www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/HT/K_0319. HTM 4. http://www. kumarkhali. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=41%3Aabout-kumarkhali-powroshova-&catid=32%3Akumarkhali&Itemid=52 5. http://www. thedailystar. net/lifestyle/2005/07/01/centre. htm ———————– Page:2 Page:3

Third World War will be Over Water

Third World War will be Over Water Introduction According to Robert et al. (1027), the quest for a cleaner and sustainable environment is ongoing. The reason for the growth of environmental activism is that the resources that are vital for the sustenance of human life, like water, have been declining at a quick pace. Taking an example from the issue of climate change, it is noted that one of the impacts of the degradation of the environment is growing desertification.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Third World War will be Over Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This denotes a decline in the supply of water to the population in areas that are affected by desertification. The rate at which clean water sources are declining is quite high, leaving populations exposed to waterborne ailments. Cases of waterborne diseases are often reported in the developing world. The severity of the case of water scarcity can be best explained by the inclusio n of the problem of water as one of the main goals of one of the greatest development frameworks in the world- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The issue of access to safe drinking water occupies goal seven in the millennium development goals (UNICEF and World Health Organization 5). According to Third World Academy of Sciences (6), approximately 75 percent of all diseases in the developing world emanate from the consumption of unclean water. According to the United Nations Report of issue of sanitation and safe drinking water, there is still a large gap between the demand and the supply of safe drinking water. While the efforts of meeting the demand for clean drinking water are ongoing, the report revealed that approximately 780 million people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water (UNICEF and World Health Organization 5). This denotes an improvement on the research that was conducted by Basani, Isham and Reilly (953) in the year 2008, which showed that over a billion people across the world did not have access to safe drinking water. This implies that there is still a need to speed the efforts of assuring the global population of the supply of clean and safe water. The implication of the observation that was made by the UNICEF and WHO is that most people in the world still use contaminated water for drinking and accomplishing a series of other domestic chores, irrespective of the risks of using that water. It should be noted that these people use contaminated water out of desperation. They cannot access clean and hygienic water, while at the same time they cannot do without this basic necessity. By extension, this means that people are caught in desperate situations, implying a smouldering crisis. In this paper, it is argued that the demand for clean water far much surpasses the ability of governments to offer clean water to their citizens, leading to the struggle for access to clean water.Advertising Looking for research pape r on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The continued contamination and the subsequent usage of clean water are likely to compound the problems that are associated with the demand and supply of clean water. This paper explores the issues surrounding the scarcity of drinking water and the implications. The paper brings out findings on the problems and trends of demand and supply of clean water to the global populace and the likely impacts of the quest for clean water. Health Issues Water Borne Diseases The provision of clean and safe drinking water is part of the initiatives of most governments, especially in the developing world. Governments are often backed by international agencies and non-governmental organizations in fulfilling the obligation. As observed in the introduction, there are a substantial number of people in the world today who do not have access to clean drinking water. As people continue to strive for clean and safe water, the usage of unsafe water continues to cause harm to millions of people around the world. Unclean water, as noted in the introduction, is the cause of most of the maladies in the developing world. Cases of the spread and prevalence of waterborne diseases in the world cannot be overemphasized. Millions of people in the world succumb to diseases that emanate from the consumption of polluted water. Common waterborne diseases that are reported include cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, and dysentery (Tulchinsky and Varavikova 339). The question that ought to be asked is what the source of contamination of the water is and the reasons to whether people are informed of the risks of consuming such water. What happens is that people often find themselves in dire need of water, while the environment in which they inhabit cannot offer them clean water. Thus, they are forced to utilize the available water, which is often contaminated, thence, a health hazard. The prevailing conditions of hygiene in the world are a predisposing factor for waterborne diseases. This makes water borne diseases as one of the main epidemics in the developing regions of the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Third World War will be Over Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Natural sources of water are often polluted through exposure to un-hygienic compounds that come from sewers and poor disposal of refuse. The state of health and productivity of the affected populations is put in jeopardy, thereby exposing the global population to economic problems (Basani, Isham and Reilly 954). Water-Washed diseases While a lot of efforts are directed towards treating the conditions that emanate from the consumption of unclean water, research reveals that the main means of controlling the spread of diseases that are caused by consumption of polluted water is by ensuring that populations are suppli ed with adequate volumes of clean water. This mainly applies to the water-washed diseases, where patients require to be supplied with adequate volumes of cleans water. Water-washed diseases are another complication that emanates from the prevalence of poor conditions of hygiene, which comes from insufficient supply of clean water to a given population. Contamination with a number of diseases is caused by contact of the infected people with the healthy population. The diseases are spread by virtue of direct contact of the skin, mucus membrane and conjunctiva. Amidst the rise in the cases of disease transmission through contact, there is a clear pointer to the fact that the supply of clean water to populations is paramount if a stoppage it to be put to the break-up and spread of water-washed diseases. However, attending to such a situation is quite hard, bearing in mind that most populations, especially in the developing regions of the world, are still struggling with food insecurity. This makes the issue of clean water supply a secondary issue, meaning that water-washed diseases are likely to prevail within these populations (Webber 72). Water based diseases Water is one of the most common mediums of passage of infectious diseases from one person to the other. Given the nature of the social environment in which global populations prevail, water-based diseases cannot be easily stopped because the conditions of water supply are poor. This predisposes the global population to poor hygienic conditions and the spread of water based diseases. The socio-environmental characteristics of the global population make it difficult to plan and maintain the required standards of hygiene. The carrying capacity of most ecosystems in the world surpasses the recommended standards, yet there are no better plans to maintain the recommended size of population. This leaves the populations prone to water-based diseases (Yang et al. 1484).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Water storage According to Juuti (136), water storage comes out as one of the means of preserving water and guaranteeing populations of supply of water. However, the main concern is whether populations have the capacity to safely store water. There have been a lot of cases on the capacity of populations to store water. The means of water storage is a critical issue. While the developed world is doing well in terms of developing technologies of storing water, a different scenario is witnessed in the developing world. The capacity to safely store water is quite low, which in most cases increases the vulnerability of the populations. The mechanisms of water storage are hazardous. For instance, dams are left exposed, making them harbour other disease causing vectors like mosquitoes. Malaria, which is spread by mosquitoes, is one of the ailments that affect a substantial number of lives of people in the developing world and the tropics. The stored water is also not properly treated, thus it is contaminated with other disease causing pathogens (Juuti 136). Agriculture Shortage of water and food Food security is one of the main problems that are crumpling development in the world. Most households in the developing world cannot afford food, which is one of the basic needs for human beings. There is a close relationship between scarcity of food and the shortage of water supply. This issue can be approached from two perspectives. One perspective is the issue of lack of food, which makes most of people to concentrate on the search for food, leaving out the issue of seeking for clean water. Shortage of water has been termed as the main impediment to the practicing of agriculture. The second issue, which is perhaps more broad, concerns the scarcity of water. This scarcity jeopardizes the production of food. Reliance on primary agriculture in most parts of the world makes water an essential factor in the production of food. In most parts of the developing world, there is a lot of reliance on the rain as a source of water for agriculture and the production of food. With the changing patterns of rainfall as a result of climate change and the effects of environmental pollution, the sequence of rainfall keeps changing, thereby impeding the practice of agriculture. Secondary means of water supply are impeded by the lack of technology and resources. This results in the problem of food insecurity. Conflicts over natural resources also arise as a result of the strife for favourable land for agriculture (Behnassi, Draggan, and Sanni, 25). Farming/ toxic farming Farming cannot be done without supply of water. The growth in the challenge of water supply results in the constriction of farming activities in most of the regions of the world. The shrinkage in farming has several implications for local communities in different parts of the world. One of the main implications of minimal farming activities is reduction in the amount of food supply. The other notable th ing is that the lack of active farming weakens the economic base of communities, thus predisposing them to a series of other social derived conditions. However, different tactics of producing food are deployed by population in the regions with scarcity of safe water. Some of the methods that are deployed in farming are argued to be unsound for agriculture production since they result in the production of food that has toxic substances and unfit for human consumption. This is what is referred to as toxic farming (Schulzov, HajÃ… ¡lov, Botek and Peroutka 2763). According to Bilibio, Hensel and Selbach (356), more than ten percent of the global population consumes food that is produced using toxic water. This is a critical observation as people continue to seek for alternative means of enhancing the production of food. An example is the use of sewer water in urban areas to irrigate vegetables. The toxic chemical compounds in the water are often deposited in the food that is produced, m aking the food harmful for human consumption. Also, the natural sources of water like rivers that are deemed to have clean water are no longer safer sources of water since the water is contaminated with chemical deposits that are released from industries that are mushrooming across the world. Animals are also affected by the population of water, thus they are also exposed to diseases (Bilibio, Hensel and Selbach 357). The seemingly solutions to water shortage in agriculture As mentioned earlier, there are a lot of efforts that have been directed towards attaining a solution to the problem of water shortage in agriculture. The most critical question that ought to be posed at this point is how sustainable the solutions are, amidst the growing challenges of environmental conservation. One of the solutions to the scarcity of water for agriculture has been the construction of water reservoirs like dams in the tropics. However, dams have outstanding negative impacts on water ecosystems. A mong the impacts is the increased concentration of mud/sand flats, which encrypts on the survival of the animal species like fish. This implies that the solutions that are devised are not workable since they result in other complexities that hinder food security. The balance of flora and fauna in ecosystems where dams and other water reservoirs are built cannot be guaranteed. (Thorpe 244). Population Growth and urbanization Demand for energy The growth of population results in population pressure. Population pressure means that the carrying capacity of the ecosystem is far less than the amount of the population that is accommodated in by ecosystems. A common example of this problem is witnessed in urban centres. The growth in the number of people in urban centres results in the increase in demand for resources in the urban centres. Resources that are demanded for in the urban areas include water, food and energy. The scarcity of water in the urban centres is attributed to the popula tion pressure, which supersedes the capacity of the institutions that are responsible for supplying water in the urban areas. As observed earlier, scarcity of water results in unhygienic conditions, which brings about water-based diseases. The other angle to the issue of urbanization and water scarcity is that the demand for energy in the urban centres keeps growing with the increase in the number of people moving into urban areas. These cases are common in the developing world (Mathew et al. 7444). Growth in urbanization and pollution According to Mathew et al. (7445), urban centres are deemed to be the main location for industries, which give people employment. With the reliance on water as the main source of energy in the urban areas of the developing nations, it becomes quite challenging to meet the demand for energy. The rationale behind this observation is that the need for energy keeps rising amidst a constant or even in some cases a reduction in the main resource that is use d to generate energy- hydroelectricity. The number of industries in the developing world is growing. The number of people is also growing. This denotes a swell in the demand for energy. The available options of power generation seem to be expensive, leaving the water-drawn power as the main source of power for industries and for domestic consumption. Increased industrialization puts pressure on the available water resources by virtue of the number of people who reside in the urban centres. The other dimension to the problem of increased industrialization is that the amount of pollution rises with the rise in the level of industrialization in a given country. A proper mechanism of disposing of toxic waste gases and other substances from industries has not been fully developed. This case prevails both in the developed world, which has a higher number of industries, as well as the developing world, which has fewer numbers of industries. Water is often on the receiving end when it comes to contamination from industries. There are other direct impacts of industrial actions on water resources. An example that can be given in this case is the BP Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Both industries and population pressure combine, resulting in massive pollution of the available sources of clean water. These two factors are the primary sources of pollution of water resources (Mathew et al.7445). Urge to save water in urban areas Urban populations are encouraged to save water as a means of conserving water resources in the urban areas. Water saving is used a means of augmenting the supply of water amidst the problems of water shortage on urban areas. The main concern over the usage of water in the urban areas is whether the demand can meet the needs of the urban population. This is what can allow the urban populations to save water, thus conserving this precious resource. Water conservation is a misnomer, considering the rate at which urbanization and industrialization are taking place and the scale of pollution that results from households and industries in the urban populations. Initiatives of saving water have materialized in a substantial number of the developed countries (Thoren, Atwater and Berube 1202). Ways of Conserving water Cooperating in water conservation Water conservation has been one of the main areas of focus by a substantial number of environmental scientists across the world. The reason why researchers focus on the area of water conservation is that it is the main means of conserving water resources amidst the rise in the demand for clean water across the world. The level of participation of diverse groups in conserving water is quite pleasing. This denotes the scale of the impact of the destruction of the global ecosystem, which calls for the application of ecological economics in the attendance of the desired state of the ecology. The cooperation in the conservation of water is quite broad. It ranges from collaboration in the deve lopment and exchange of water conservation technology to the support in capacity building of populations. Both technology and the creation of awareness among the population are playing out well in as far as the conservation of water is concerned. Different stakeholders, among them national governments, local populations, local organizations, non-governmental organizations and academic institutions are working together to ensure that there is a high level of water conservation (â€Å"Public Participation in Water Demand Management and Conservation† 60). Water infrastructure and training Part of the efforts of dealing with the impacts of unsafe water consumption ought to be directed towards the development of water infrastructure. Part of the initiatives in dealing with such problems is ensuring the delivery of clean water through the construction of water lines in order to deliver clean and safe water to populations in both rural and urban areas. The other critical thing in cu rbing the problem of safe water scarcity is the training of populations on water purification and conservation techniques. However, a number of challenges are witnessed in training and empowerment. The challenges revolve around the scarcity of resources to sustain such initiatives (Heare 24). Conclusion Water is one of the most critical resources for the sustenance of human beings and other living creatures. Scarcity of water has been termed as one of the main problems that are facing people in the world. The scarcity of clean water has a negative connotation on the supply of other human necessities like food, energy and sanitation. The problem of scarcity of clean water is compounded by a number of activities like industrial development and urbanization, which result in the pollution of the available clean water sources. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that shortage of clean water remains to be one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Most of the efforts that are directed at solving the problem do not target the underlying issues like pollution, which is one of the key factors in limiting the availability of safe water for consumption. Therefore, a number of issues need to be addressed in order to limit the problem of clean water shortage, which causes a lot of pressure in human population groups. The first thing that needs to be done is paying attention to the root causes of the problem of scarcity of safe water. The main problem of water scarcity is the pollution of the environment. Addressing the issue of pollution is one of the means of curbing the pollution of the available sources of clean water. A lot of efforts have been directed towards the development and application of water conservation technologies. There is need for increased cooperation in the minimization of pollution, which is one of the means through which water resources become unfit for consumption. There is also need to increase research in the field of ecolog ical economics to develop more solutions and better techniques for utilizing water for production like it is used in agriculture. Such solutions have to be built around the populations in areas that have water problems. Basani, Marcello, Jonathan Isham and Barry Reilly. â€Å"The Determinants of Water Connection and Water Consumption: Empirical Evidence from a Cambodian Household Survey.† World Development 36.5(2008): 953-968. Print. Behnassi, Mohamed, Sidney Draggan, and Yaya H. Sanni. Global Food Insecurity: Rethinking Agricultural and Rural Development Paradigm and Policy. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. Print. Bilibio, Carolina, Oliver Hensel and Jeferson Francisco Selbach. Sustainable Water Management in the Tropics and Subtropics -And Case Studies in Brazil. Vol. I. Fundacao Universidade Federal do Pampa: Brazil, 2011. Print. Heare, Steve. â€Å"Achieving Sustainable Water Infrastructure.† American Water Works Association Journal 99.4(2007): 24-26. Print. Juuti, Pe tri S. Environmental History of Water: Global Views on Community Water Supply and Sanitation. London: IWA Publ, 2007. Print. Mathew et al. â€Å"Fracking vs Faucets: Balancing Energy Needs and Water Sustainability at Urban Frontiers.† Environmental Science Technology 46.14(2012): 7444-7445. Public Participation in Water Demand Management and Conservation. Civil Engineering: Magazine of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 16.11(2008):59-62. Print. Robert, B. Jackson et al. â€Å"Water in a Changing World.† Ecological Applications 11.4(2001): 1027-1045. Print. Schulzov, VÄ›ra, Jana HajÃ… ¡lov, Petr Botek and Radek Peroutka. â€Å"Furanocoumarins In Vegetables: Influence of Farming System and Other Factors on Levels of Toxicants.† Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87.15(2007): 2763-2767. Print. Third World Academy of Sciences. Safe Drinking Water: The Need, the Problem, Solutions and an Action Plan, 2002. Web. Thoren, Ryan I, Jim Atw ater and Pierre Berube. â€Å"A model for analyzing water reuse and resource recovery potential in urban areas.† Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39.11(2012): 1202-1209. Print. Thorpe, Gary S. Ap Environmental Science. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barrons Educational Series, 2009. Print. Tulchinsky, Theodore H, and Elena Varavikova. The New Public Health. Amsterdam: Elsevier / Academic Press, 2009. Print. UNICEF and World Health Organization. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012 Update, 2013. Web. Webber, Roger. Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control: A Global Perspective. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: Cabi, 2009. Print. Yang et al. â€Å"Global Distribution of Outbreaks of Water-Associated Infectious Diseases.† PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6.2(2012): 1483-1490. Print.

Bangladesh Industry

Bangladesh Industry The global business industry has made use of many employees from different countries. It is not uncommon when a country of lower economic development produces goods for a nation that is well established and the economy is high.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bangladesh Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the case with Bangladesh made products that are shipped all over the world, including Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain and Ireland. The garment industry is particularly a developing field that has seen a great demand in the past decades. The unfortunate part is that the conditions of work are gruesome, unequal and unsafe. The two episodes that took place in Bangladesh, a fire in 2012 and a factory collapse in 2013 are an example of atrocious work conditions, which are below any standard. The reason for these situations is that the government and the industry focuses too much on the financial gain and the end result, without taking proper care of the people that make all the difference in the success of the businesses. The fire of 2012 was one that could have been avoided, and the proper procedures of fire safety and evacuation were not followed. During the meeting, after work, the fire started and was first said to be an electrical problem but was later thought to be purposefully started, and could be considered arson. The fire broke out on the ground floor and was spreading very fast because of the many garments that were around the factory. It was later said that the fire exits were too narrow, the amount of fire escape routes was insufficient for proper evacuation, and the location of stairs was such that people would have to go through the ground floor engulfed with fire. All these factors led to the inability of escape or proper fire fighting procedures, and it was only after 17 hours of battling the flames that firefighters could put the flames out. It was estimated t hat 117 people lost their lives and almost 200 people were injured in the fire. Because of poor emergency procedures and building layout people had to jump from windows and some climbed the roof, which has saved their lives (Fatal Fire in Bangladesh Highlights the Dangers Facing Garment Workers, 2012). The response from the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was very active, as she was shocked and could not believe that this really took place. She was the one who proposed the theory of the fire started by someone’s deliberate sabotage activity but it was later discarded. One of the major companies involved in the industry is Wal-Mart and so, it has been making strict policies about the safety of employees, as well as it had cut several ties to companies that were made partners through improper activities.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The people at the location of the fir e were protesting and it is possible to see why, as the working conditions are very poor. It is understandable that the economics, market value and differences between products and services all play a role in who gets employment and what sort of company becomes the partner. When looking at economics, there are few things to have in mind. Different countries and nations have different economies. The system of trade and relations between businesses are guided by culture and society (Paci, 2008). Some places have better economies, with governments giving support and being one of the major clients. The market is also different. There are certain things that people need, so the demand on the market is special for every country. Globalization has majorly impacted business and the differences can be seen as well. Some countries are becoming over developed with abundant food supply and thus, they are starting to open business in garments and other products that are not necessarily needed fo r survival and basic human needs. But in Bangladesh, there are many people who are struggling, as the government is unable to look after the proper working conditions. This leads to people wanting to make more money with the lower cost, thus building factories that are cheap and not equipped with proper instruments for times of emergency. The factory collapse of 2013 became another tragic event that ended in 1000 employees losing their life. It is thought to be one of the major disasters that took place on such a scale. The primary cause was cited as improper construction technique and faulty materials. It has been said that the upper floors of the building were constructed well below standard and the whole structure was very unreliable. Because there are thousands of people working on the upper floors, the generator to produce power had to be placed there. While these generators were at work, they would vibrate and cause cracks in the building materials, especially on the higher fl oors. When this took place, an engineer was called to inspect the building and stated that the building was unsafe. Despite this fact, Mr. Rana and other bosses have ordered people to go to work and the disaster took place as soon as one of the generators started working. Criminal negligence and homicide are the offered charges, as people are outraged at such behavior. There are also suggestions that Mr. Rana has been bribing local authorities, so that permission for improper construction is given (Report on Deadly Factory Collapse in Bangladesh Finds Widespread Blame, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bangladesh Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This case is another clear example of the working and social conditions in Bangladesh. The international business has made its way to many countries and companies such as Cedarwood State and Atmosphere get involved. Primark, the owner of the two organizations h as been an active supporter of the proper conditions required for the employees. The intertwined connection between the suppliers in a country that has poor working conditions and the superpowers or other well developed regions of the world shows that the struggle for power and money is very active. Some products are rare, as well as services and some are very common, making the market ever-changing. Global approach guarantees a lot of choice and possibilities for the business. Since the pressures for local responsiveness are low, this will guarantee stable income and product or service flow for the specific group of people. Bangladesh is one of the biggest arteries in the garment industry and the West has been an active buyer. It is obvious that with such organization, countries that are more developed will continue receiving their products, as the need is always present, while the conditions oversees are still very poor (Paci, 2008). Even though business ethics and morals dictate that proper procedures are followed, people are being selfish and want to gain more and more. This leads to employees working in extremely harsh and poor conditions, which ends in disasters and accidents. These situations can very well be prevented and so, it has become an international concern. References Bajaj, V. (2012). Fatal Fire in Bangladesh Highlights the Dangers Facing Garment Workers. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/26/world/asia/bangladesh-fire-kills-more-than-100-and-injures-many.html Paci, P. (2008). Making Work Pay in Bangladesh: Employment, Growth, and Poverty Reduction. New York, United States: World Bank Publications.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yardley, J. (2013). Report on Deadly Factory Collapse in Bangladesh Finds Widespread Blame. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/world/asia/report-on-bangladesh-building-collapse-finds-widespread-blame.html

Teaching Literacy Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teaching Literacy Midterm - Essay Example 326.) The demands of making meanings, stresses the students to activate their prior knowledge and schemata abilities. Schema theory explains how our previous experiences, knowledge, emotions, and understandings affect what and how we learn. (Harvey & Goudvis, 2000). Lapp, Flood & Farnan (2004, p.326) writes that, "Content area teaching has a detailed link with schema theory and prior knowledge."The notion of 'prior knowledge' comprises of few subordinate ideas, which are the 'characteristics of prior knowledge', 'historical back ground', the circumstances of learning and 'classroom acts' (Lapp, Flood & Farnan (2004, p. 326). Lapp, Flood & Farnan (2004, p. 326) write that, "This collection of related, hierarchically arranged ideas is a schema." Few followers of this theory even believed that the single most influential factor is the existing and prior knowledge of the readers on which it depends that what he ends up learning from the material (Eric Digest). The accuracy, sufficiency and appropriateness of a schema, needs to be tackled by the instructor in a very delicate and planned manner. Students can make most out of their schemas if only the teachers know how to activate it. (Lapp, Flood & Farnan, 2004, p. ... The renewed awareness in reading was reinforced by the International Reading Association in 1999. The document focused on "advanced levels of literacy" and considered "their ability to read will be crucial". Many instructors turned to interactive manner of teaching reading. Boothe and Walter (1999) quote McCormick, T. (1988) who writes that, "It one of the most promising approaches to the theory of reading today." Boothe and Walter (1999) write that, "An interactive reading model is a reading model that recognizes the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process." But the reader needs "to interacting with the text, is selective in using just as little of the cues from text as necessary to construct meaning (Goodman, K. 1981). Most of the reading models, share a common postulation, that many "variables impact student's learning from text" (Pearson, Kamil, Bar & Mosenthal, 2000, p.647). They concerned themselves with cognitive psychology, schema, instructional strategies and the text. Boothe and Walter (1999) while quoting Rumelhart, D. 1985 write, "write that, "These various sources of information appear to interact in many complex ways during the process of reading In this scenario the teacher has to play a role of an instructional designer and their tool is 'text'. Once students are able to develop an understanding of text and identify the text structures then the road begins for towards independent reading. According to Buehl (2009, p.72) the benefits of involving the students in this model means "to condition the students to read material at different rates for verifying purposes" is similar to the core principle of content area literacy. The learners

Adapting to Health Changes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Adapting to Health Changes - Assignment Example It also includes the topics related to elder abuse. Introduction The most difficult challenge a nurse could face is caring for an elderly ill client (Alexander, 2004, p. 1005). Due to developmental changes in physical and mental state, some of the clinical manifestations of certain diseases are hard to detect. One of these diseases is the diabetic ketoacidosis. Emergencies related to endocrine diseases account for approximately 1.5% of all hospital emergency admissions in England; the majority is related to diabetes and its complications (Dunning, 2005, p. 113). Mortality rates among elderly are 20% (Jevon, 2010, p. 9). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening diabetic condition caused by deficiency in insulin and results in severe hyperglycemia (Sinclair, 2009, p. 198). Diabetic ketoacidosis usually occurs in younger people with type 1 diabetes. Fortunately, older diabetics are less prone to DKA although a few cases exist (Roach, 2001, p. 324). Assessment Elderly people req uire individualized assessment ranging from simple screenings to in-depth evaluations. Health providers, particularly the nurses must be very knowledgeable and skillful in detecting deviation among elderly (Wold, 2004, p. 105). In the clinical scenario stated, the man is approximately in mid-sixties of age. The man is confused upon bringing him to the emergency department. He was not able to provide any information about himself or his condition so the staff called him Nic. He kept on insisting to leave the department and go home for dinner yet was unable to state his address. The hygiene was described as poor due to disheveled and unkempt condition. His appearance and odor suggested that he had not washed for some time and his breath had an acetone odor. The client frequently scratched his right upper arm and examination revealed that he had a hematoma (50 cents size) on the right side of his forehead and he repeatedly stated that he wanted to pass urine. Base on observation, the p atient has an indication of a fall due to hematoma; possible concussion due to confusion is exhibited. Nursing assessment undertaken are measuring of vital signs for blood pressure elevation and tachycardia, blood glucose level for determining hyperglycemia, neurological observations such as Glasgow coma scale to determine the client’s mental state, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for possible dementia (Melillo, 2011, p. 279). Plan of Care The plan of care for Nic depends upon the nursing diagnosis that has been found out and has been prioritized according to the assessment findings. The nursing diagnosis and each plan of care are elaborated below: Nursing Diagnosis #1: Risk for Injury related to unfamiliar environment and physical or mental limitations secondary to disease condition Assessment: The client is confused and unable to provide information of previous environment. He frequently scratched his right upper arm and has a fifty cents-size hematoma. Expected Ou tcome: The client will be free from further injury. Interventions and Rationales: 1. Orient the client to his environment. Orientation helps provide familiarity. 2. Instruct the client to wear slippers with nonskid soles and to avoid newly washed floors. These precautions can help prevent foot injuries and falls from slipping. 3. Teach him to keep the bed in the low position with side rails up at night. The low position makes it easier for the client to get in and out of the bed. 4. Make sure that personal belongings are within easy reach. Keeping objects at hand prevent falls from overreaching and overextending. 5. Instruct the client to request assistance whenever needed. Getting needed help with ambulation and